Freight traction elevators are designed for transporting goods typically escorted by personnel.
These elevators are primarily used for transporting goods requiring escort and are usually operated by designated personnel. They are widely used in residential buildings, office buildings, hospitals, and factories. Their design must comply with national standards GB/T7025.2-1997 and GB7588-2003, covering main parameters, safety specifications, and technical conditions, thus functionally distinguishing them from passenger elevators.
The specific technical specifications for these elevators vary depending on the application scenario: shopping malls require a similar number of freight elevators as passenger elevators, while hotels require separate service elevators to avoid mixing passenger and freight transport. Their structure consists of a vertical lift and a freight platform. The machine room must be located at the top of the shaft and meet specific extension parameters. They are also equipped with safety systems such as a speed governor-safety brake linkage protection system, electrical interlocking of landing doors, and emergency operation devices. Daily management must adhere to regulations regarding dedicated personnel on duty in the machine room, the placement of protective signage, and the configuration of fire extinguishing facilities. The shaft must be kept clean to ensure safe operation.
Selection criteria
1. Shopping malls or centers: Escalators should be the primary means of connecting sales points, while elevators should be used to connect parking garages, offices, etc. The number of escalators and elevators should ideally be set at 80-90% of the traffic volume handled by escalators. In addition, freight elevators are mandatory, with roughly the same number as passenger elevators.
2. Hotels and guesthouses: The recommended number of elevators for guests is one per 100 guest rooms. Dedicated service elevators are also required, ideally designed for both passenger and freight use to avoid mixing service personnel, supplies, and guests.
3. Elevators and staircases should be paired and located close to each other, but elevator shafts should not be surrounded by staircases.
4. Freight elevators should be located near freight entrances and exits, and should ideally minimize intersections with pedestrian traffic.
5. The distance between two adjacent floors should meet the following requirements:
(1) When the floor door entrance height is 2100mm, the distance should not be less than 2550mm.
(2) When the floor door entrance height is greater than 2100mm, the distance should not be less than the door height plus 450mm.
6. Equipment Room Layout
(1) The equipment room should be located above the hoistway.
(2) The rear wall of the equipment room should be in a straight line with the corresponding wall of the hoistway, and one of the two side walls of the equipment room should be in a straight line with the corresponding wall of the hoistway.
(3) The lateral extension of the equipment room relative to the hoistway can be located on the left or right side of the hoistway. The extension of the equipment room in the depth direction relative to the hoistway should be on the waiting hall side.
7. Elevator Operating Conditions
(1) Altitude not exceeding 1000m;
(2) Air temperature in the machine room should be maintained between 5 and 40℃;
(3) The average maximum relative humidity of the wettest month at the operating location should be 90%, and the average minimum temperature of that month should not exceed 25℃;
(4) The fluctuation of the power supply voltage relative to the rated voltage should be within ±7%;
(5) The ambient air should not contain corrosive or flammable gases or conductive dust.
8. All types of elevators shall have the following safety facilities or protection functions and be able to operate normally:
(1) Power supply system phase loss or phase reversal protection device or protection function;
(2) Overspeed protection device for the speed governor-safety gear system linkage, electrical protection device for speed governor and safety gear operation, and speed governor rope breakage or slack protection device;
(3) Bottom impact buffer device (for energy-consuming buffers, a reset protection device should also be included);
(4) Protection device for exceeding the upper and lower limit working positions;
(5) Electrical interlock device between landing doors and car doors;
(6) Emergency operation device and stop protection device: In the event of a power outage or electrical system failure, there shall be measures for slow car movement. A non-automatic reset red stop protection switch shall be installed in the pulley compartment and car top pit.
(7) A maintenance operation device shall be installed on the car top. If maintenance operation devices are also installed inside the car or in the machine room, priority shall be given to the car top.
